--- a/metadata/simple-tile.xml
+++ b/metadata/simple-tile.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <wayfire>
 	<plugin name="simple-tile">
 		<_short>Simple Tile</_short>
-		<_long>A plugin which provides some tiling features, inspired by Sway.	The plugin is meant to contain only the basics.</_long>
+		<_long>A plugin which provides some tiling features, inspired by Sway.	The plugin is meant to contain only the basics. On a combined desktop, physical window scopes have independent tiling layouts; VIRTUAL application exceptions use the combined layout.</_long>
 		<category>Window Management</category>
 		<option name="tile_by_default" type="string">
 			<_short>Tile enabled for specified window types</_short>
--- a/plugins/tile/tile-dragging.hpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tile-dragging.hpp
@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@
     {
         auto input = get_global_input_coordinates(output);
         auto view  = check_drop_destination(output, input, dragged_view);
-        if (!view)
-        {
+        auto& root = drop_root(output, input, dragged_view);
+        if (!view && !root->children.empty()) return hide_preview();
+        if (!view && tile::get_root(view_node_t::get_node(dragged_view)).get() == root.get())
             return hide_preview();
-        }
-
-        auto split = calculate_insert_type(view, input);
+
+        auto split = view ? calculate_insert_type(view, input) : INSERT_NONE;
         if (preview && (preview->get_output() != output))
         {
             hide_preview();
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
                 start_coords, output, "simple-tile");
         }
 
-        auto preview_geometry = calculate_split_preview(view, split);
+        auto preview_geometry = view ? calculate_split_preview(view, split) : root->geometry;
         preview_geometry = get_wset_local_coordinates(output->wset(), preview_geometry);
         if (preview_geometry != preview->get_target_geometry())
         {
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@
     {
         auto output_a = a->get_output();
         auto output_b = b->get_output();
+        auto region_a = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output_a).region_for(a);
+        auto region_b = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output_b).region_for(b);
 
         if (output_a != output_b)
         {
@@ -171,6 +173,8 @@
             move_tiled_view(b, output_a);
         }
 
+        if (wf::window_scope_policy(a) == "physical") wf::select_window_scope_monitor(a, region_b);
+        if (wf::window_scope_policy(b) == "physical") wf::select_window_scope_monitor(b, region_a);
         {
             autocommit_transaction_t tx;
 
@@ -229,6 +233,8 @@
             move_tiled_view(source, target_output);
         }
 
+        if (wf::window_scope_policy(source) == "physical")
+            wf::select_window_scope_monitor(source, tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(target_output).region_for(target->view));
         autocommit_transaction_t tx;
         auto split_type = (split == INSERT_LEFT || split == INSERT_RIGHT) ?
             SPLIT_VERTICAL : SPLIT_HORIZONTAL;
@@ -292,7 +298,28 @@
         auto dropped_at = check_drop_destination(output, input, view);
         if (!dropped_at)
         {
-            return false;
+            auto& destination = drop_root(output, input, view);
+            auto node = view_node_t::get_node(view);
+            if (!node || !destination->children.empty() || tile::get_root(node).get() == destination.get())
+                return false;
+            auto old_output = view->get_output();
+            if (old_output != output)
+            {
+                wf::emit_view_pre_moved_to_wset_pre(view, view->get_wset(), output->wset());
+                move_tiled_view(view, output);
+            }
+            auto& data = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output);
+            if (wf::window_scope_policy(view) == "physical")
+                wf::select_window_scope_monitor(view, data.region_at(output->get_cursor_position(), view));
+            {
+                autocommit_transaction_t tx;
+                auto moving = node->parent->remove_child(node, tx.tx);
+                destination->as_split_node()->add_child(std::move(moving), tx.tx);
+                tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(old_output).refresh(tx.tx);
+                data.refresh(tx.tx);
+            }
+            if (old_output != output) wf::emit_view_moved_to_wset(view, old_output->wset(), output->wset());
+            return true;
         }
 
         auto split = calculate_insert_type(dropped_at, input);
@@ -303,6 +330,11 @@
 
         if (split == INSERT_SWAP)
         {
+            auto& target_data = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output);
+            auto target_policy = wf::window_scope_policy(dropped_at->view);
+            if (target_policy != "physical" && target_policy != "virtual" &&
+                target_data.region_for(dropped_at->view) != tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(view->get_output()).region_for(view))
+                return false;
             handle_swap(view, dropped_at->view);
         } else
         {
@@ -407,15 +439,23 @@
         return preview;
     }
 
+    std::unique_ptr<tree_node_t>& drop_root(wf::output_t *output, wf::pointf_t global_coords,
+        wayfire_toplevel_view dragged_view)
+    {
+        auto ws = output->wset()->get_current_workspace();
+        auto size = output->get_screen_size();
+        auto local = global_coords - wf::pointf_t{double(ws.x * size.width), double(ws.y * size.height)};
+        auto& data = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output);
+        return data.root_at(ws, data.region_at(local, dragged_view));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the node under the input which is suitable for dropping on.
      */
     nonstd::observer_ptr<view_node_t> check_drop_destination(wf::output_t *output, wf::pointf_t global_coords,
         wayfire_toplevel_view dragged_view)
     {
-        auto ws = output->wset()->get_current_workspace();
-        auto dropped_at =
-            find_view_at(tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(output).roots[ws.x][ws.y], global_coords);
+        auto dropped_at = find_view_at(drop_root(output, global_coords, dragged_view), global_coords);
 
         if (!dropped_at || (dropped_at->view == dragged_view))
         {
--- a/plugins/tile/tile-ipc.hpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tile-ipc.hpp
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
         // Handle cases with a single view.
         auto split_root = std::make_unique<tile::split_node_t>(tile_workspace_set_data_t::default_split);
         split_root->children.push_back(std::move(root));
+        split_root->children.front()->parent = nonstd::make_observer(split_root.get());
         return split_root;
     }
 
@@ -240,6 +241,32 @@
     tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(view->get_wset()).set_view_maximized(view, show_maximized);
 
     return wf::ipc::json_ok();
+}
+
+// A tiling layout belongs to one physical monitor, or to VIRTUAL for views
+// whose policy spans the combined desktop. With no selector use the focused
+// view's scope, falling back to the pointer and default policy.
+inline std::string ipc_monitor(tile_workspace_set_data_t& data, const json_t& params)
+{
+    auto output = data.wset.lock()->get_attached_output();
+    if (params.has_member("monitor"))
+    {
+        auto monitor = wf::ipc::json_get_string(params, "monitor");
+        if (monitor.empty() || monitor == "virtual" || monitor == "VIRTUAL-1") return "";
+        if (output)
+        {
+            if (auto layout = output->get_data<wf::output_stitch_layout_t>())
+                for (auto& zone : layout->zones) if (zone.name == monitor) return monitor;
+        } else if (data.physical_roots.count(monitor)) return monitor;
+        throw wf::ipc::ipc_method_exception_t("Unknown physical monitor: " + monitor);
+    }
+    if (output)
+    {
+        auto view = wf::toplevel_cast(wf::get_active_view_for_output(output));
+        if (view && view->get_wset() == data.wset.lock()) return data.region_for(view);
+        return data.region_at(output->get_cursor_position());
+    }
+    return "";
 }
 
 inline wf::json_t handle_ipc_get_layout(const json_t& params)
@@ -257,7 +284,7 @@
     if (ws)
     {
         auto grid_size = ws->get_workspace_grid_size();
-        if ((x >= grid_size.width) || (y >= grid_size.height))
+        if (x < 0 || y < 0 || (x >= grid_size.width) || (y >= grid_size.height))
         {
             return wf::ipc::json_error("invalid workspace coordinates");
         }
@@ -271,8 +298,16 @@
             (double)(cur_ws.y * resolution.height),
         };
 
-        response["layout"] =
-            tree_to_json(tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ws->shared_from_this()).roots[x][y], offset);
+        auto& data = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ws->shared_from_this());
+        auto monitor = ipc_monitor(data, params);
+        response["monitor"] = monitor.empty() ? "VIRTUAL-1" : monitor;
+        response["layout"] = tree_to_json(data.root_at({int(x), int(y)}, monitor), offset);
+        wf::json_t monitors = wf::json_t::array();
+        monitors.append("VIRTUAL-1");
+        if (auto output = ws->get_attached_output())
+            if (auto layout = output->get_data<wf::output_stitch_layout_t>())
+                for (auto& zone : layout->zones) monitors.append(zone.name);
+        response["available-monitors"] = monitors;
         return response;
     }
 
@@ -302,7 +337,7 @@
     }
 
     auto grid_size = ws->get_workspace_grid_size();
-    if ((x >= grid_size.width) || (y >= grid_size.height))
+    if (x < 0 || y < 0 || (x >= grid_size.width) || (y >= grid_size.height))
     {
         return wf::ipc::json_error("invalid workspace coordinates");
     }
@@ -310,17 +345,29 @@
     auto& tile_ws = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ws->shared_from_this());
 
     tile::json_builder_data_t data;
-    data.gaps = tile_ws.get_gaps();
-    auto workarea = tile_ws.roots[x][y]->geometry;
+    auto monitor = ipc_monitor(tile_ws, params);
+    auto& root = tile_ws.root_at({int(x), int(y)}, monitor);
+    data.gaps = tile_ws.get_gaps(monitor);
+    auto workarea = root->geometry;
     if (auto err = tile::verify_json_tree(params["layout"], data, wf::dimensions(workarea)))
     {
         return wf::ipc::json_error(*err);
+    }
+
+    // Do not silently turn an application exception into a physical window,
+    // or let an ordinary window escape into a desktop-wide tiling layout.
+    for (auto view : data.touched_views)
+    {
+        auto source_region = tile_ws.region_for(view);
+        if (source_region != monitor &&
+            !(wf::window_scope_policy(view) == "physical" && !source_region.empty() && !monitor.empty()))
+            return wf::ipc::json_error("Layout monitor does not match a window's scope; set its scope first");
     }
 
     // Step 1: detach any views which are currently present in the layout, but should no longer be
     // in the layout
     std::vector<nonstd::observer_ptr<tile::view_node_t>> views_to_remove;
-    tile::for_each_view(tile_ws.roots[x][y], [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
+    tile::for_each_view(root, [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
     {
         if (!data.touched_views.count(view))
         {
@@ -337,6 +384,8 @@
         // Step 2: temporarily detach some of the nodes
         for (auto& touched_view : data.touched_views)
         {
+            if (!monitor.empty() && wf::window_scope_policy(touched_view) == "physical")
+                wf::select_window_scope_monitor(touched_view, monitor);
             auto tile = wf::tile::view_node_t::get_node(touched_view);
             if (tile)
             {
@@ -360,11 +409,11 @@
         }
 
         // Step 3: set up the new layout
-        tile_ws.roots[x][y] = build_tree_from_json(params["layout"], &tile_ws, {static_cast<int>(x),
+        root = build_tree_from_json(params["layout"], &tile_ws, {static_cast<int>(x),
             static_cast<int>(y)});
-        tile::flatten_tree(tile_ws.roots[x][y]);
-        tile_ws.roots[x][y]->set_gaps(tile_ws.get_gaps());
-        tile_ws.roots[x][y]->set_geometry(workarea, tx.tx);
+        tile::flatten_tree(root);
+        root->set_gaps(tile_ws.get_gaps(monitor));
+        root->set_geometry(workarea, tx.tx);
     }
 
     data.touched_wsets.insert(ws);
--- a/plugins/tile/tile-plugin.cpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tile-plugin.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     bool has_fullscreen_view()
     {
         int count_fullscreen = 0;
-        for_each_view(tile_workspace_set_data_t::get_current_root(output), [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
+        for_each_view(tile_workspace_set_data_t::get_current_root(output, get_tiled_focus()), [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
         {
             count_fullscreen += view->pending_fullscreen();
         });
@@ -179,8 +179,12 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        // we ignore those requests because we manage the tiled state manually
+        // Keep tiling ownership, but honor scope/layout changes from the core.
         ev->carried_out = true;
+        stop_controller(true);
+        auto& data = tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ev->view->get_wset());
+        data.reconcile_view(ev->view, ev->workspace);
+        data.update_root_size();
     };
 
     wf::signal::connection_t<view_fullscreen_request_signal> on_fullscreen_request =
@@ -192,6 +196,7 @@
         }
 
         ev->carried_out = true;
+        tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ev->view->get_wset()).reconcile_view(ev->view, ev->workspace);
         tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(ev->view->get_wset()).set_view_fullscreen(ev->view, ev->state);
     };
 
@@ -448,11 +453,34 @@
     shared_data::ref_ptr_t<ipc::method_repository_t> ipc_repo;
     shared_data::ref_ptr_t<wf::move_drag::core_drag_t> drag_helper;
     std::unique_ptr<tile::drag_manager_t> preview_manager;
+    wf::wl_idle_call reflow_idle;
+
+    void schedule_reflow()
+    {
+        reflow_idle.run_once([=] ()
+        {
+            for (auto wset : workspace_set_t::get_all())
+            {
+                if (auto data = wset->get_data<tile_workspace_set_data_t>())
+                {
+                    stop_controller(wset->shared_from_this());
+                    data->update_root_size();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    wf::signal::connection_t<wf::output_layout_configuration_changed_signal> layout_changed =
+        [=] (auto) { schedule_reflow(); };
+    wf::signal::connection_t<wf::reload_config_signal> config_changed =
+        [=] (auto) { schedule_reflow(); };
 
   public:
     void init() override
     {
         init_output_tracking();
+        wf::get_core().connect(&layout_changed);
+        wf::get_core().connect(&config_changed);
         wf::get_core().connect(&on_view_pre_moved_to_wset);
         wf::get_core().connect(&on_view_moved_to_wset);
         wf::get_core().connect(&on_focus_changed);
@@ -465,6 +493,7 @@
 
     void fini() override
     {
+        reflow_idle.disconnect();
         for (auto view : wf::get_core().get_all_views())
         {
             clear_auto_floating_above(view);
@@ -589,10 +618,7 @@
     };
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<tile::tree_node_t>& tile::get_root(wf::workspace_set_t *set, wf::point_t workspace)
-{
-    return tile_workspace_set_data_t::get(set->shared_from_this()).roots[workspace.x][workspace.y];
+
 }
-}
 
 DECLARE_WAYFIRE_PLUGIN(wf::tile_plugin_t);
--- a/plugins/tile/tile-wset.hpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tile-wset.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "tree.hpp"
 #include "../wm-actions/wm-actions-signals.hpp"
 #include <wayfire/output.hpp>
+#include <wayfire/window-scope.hpp>
+#include <map>
+#include <tuple>
 #include "tree-controller.hpp"
 #include "wayfire/view-helpers.hpp"
 #include "wayfire/txn/transaction-manager.hpp"
@@ -68,7 +71,120 @@
 class tile_workspace_set_data_t : public wf::custom_data_t
 {
   public:
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<wf::tile::tree_node_t>>> roots;
+    using root_grid_t = std::vector<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<wf::tile::tree_node_t>>>;
+    root_grid_t roots; // VIRTUAL (or an ordinary, uncombined output).
+    std::map<std::string, root_grid_t> physical_roots;
+    bool updating_roots = false;
+
+    template<class Callback> void for_each_root(Callback callback)
+    {
+        auto visit = [&] (root_grid_t& grid, const std::string& monitor)
+        {
+            for (size_t x = 0; x < grid.size(); ++x)
+                for (size_t y = 0; y < grid[x].size(); ++y)
+                    if (grid[x][y]) callback(grid[x][y], wf::point_t{int(x), int(y)}, monitor);
+        };
+        visit(roots, "");
+        for (auto& [monitor, grid] : physical_roots) visit(grid, monitor);
+    }
+
+    std::string region_for(wayfire_toplevel_view view)
+    {
+        if (view)
+        {
+            if (view->get_output())
+            {
+                if (auto zone = wf::window_scope_zone(view)) return zone->name;
+            } else if (auto node = tile::view_node_t::get_node(view))
+            {
+                std::string result;
+                auto root = tile::get_root(node);
+                for_each_root([&] (auto& candidate, auto, const auto& monitor)
+                { if (candidate.get() == root.get()) result = monitor; });
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    wf::geometry_t region_workarea(const std::string& monitor)
+    {
+        auto output = wset.lock()->get_attached_output();
+        if (!output) return tile::default_output_resolution;
+        if (auto layout = output->get_data<wf::output_stitch_layout_t>())
+            for (auto& zone : layout->zones)
+                if (zone.name == monitor) return wf::physical_zone_workarea(output, zone);
+        return output->workarea->get_workarea();
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<tile::tree_node_t>& root_at(wf::point_t vp, const std::string& monitor = "")
+    {
+        if (monitor.empty()) return roots[vp.x][vp.y];
+        auto& grid = physical_roots[monitor];
+        auto size = wset.lock()->get_workspace_grid_size();
+        grid.resize(size.width);
+        for (auto& column : grid) column.resize(size.height);
+        auto& root = grid[vp.x][vp.y];
+        if (!root)
+        {
+            root = std::make_unique<tile::split_node_t>(default_split);
+            auto area = region_workarea(monitor);
+            auto geometry = wset.lock()->get_last_output_geometry().value_or(tile::default_output_resolution);
+            area.x += vp.x * geometry.width; area.y += vp.y * geometry.height;
+            autocommit_transaction_t tx;
+            root->set_gaps(get_gaps(monitor));
+            root->set_geometry(area, tx.tx);
+        }
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    // Used by drag-and-drop and layout IPC. Named-monitor policies stay pinned;
+    // ordinary physical policies choose the monitor under the pointer.
+    std::string region_at(wf::pointf_t local, wayfire_toplevel_view view = nullptr)
+    {
+        auto output = wset.lock()->get_attached_output();
+        if (!output) return region_for(view);
+        std::string policy = view ? wf::window_scope_policy(view) :
+            wf::option_wrapper_t<std::string>{"core/window_scope"}.value();
+        if (policy == "virtual") return "";
+        auto layout = output->get_data<wf::output_stitch_layout_t>();
+        if (!layout || layout->zones.empty()) return "";
+        if (policy != "physical")
+            for (auto& zone : layout->zones) if (zone.name == policy) return zone.name;
+        double best = INFINITY; std::string result;
+        for (auto& zone : layout->zones)
+        {
+            const auto& g = zone.geometry;
+            double dx = local.x - std::clamp(local.x, g.x, g.x + g.width);
+            double dy = local.y - std::clamp(local.y, g.y, g.y + g.height);
+            if (dx * dx + dy * dy < best) { best = dx * dx + dy * dy; result = zone.name; }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void reconcile_view(wayfire_toplevel_view view, wf::point_t vp)
+    {
+        auto node = tile::view_node_t::get_node(view);
+        if (!node) return;
+        auto& destination = root_at(vp, region_for(view));
+        if (tile::get_root(node).get() == destination.get()) return;
+        autocommit_transaction_t tx;
+        auto moving = node->parent->remove_child(node, tx.tx);
+        destination->as_split_node()->add_child(std::move(moving), tx.tx);
+        wf::scene::readd_front(tiled_sublayer[vp.x][vp.y], view->get_root_node());
+    }
+
+    void reconcile_scopes()
+    {
+        if (!wset.lock()->get_attached_output()) return;
+        std::vector<std::pair<wayfire_toplevel_view, wf::point_t>> views;
+        for_each_root([&] (auto& root, auto vp, const auto&)
+        {
+            tile::for_each_view(root, [&] (auto view) { views.emplace_back(view, vp); });
+        });
+        for (auto& [view, vp] : views) reconcile_view(view, vp);
+        flatten_roots();
+    }
     std::vector<std::vector<wf::scene::floating_inner_ptr>> tiled_sublayer;
     static constexpr wf::tile::split_direction_t default_split = wf::tile::SPLIT_VERTICAL;
 
@@ -94,16 +210,10 @@
 
     ~tile_workspace_set_data_t()
     {
-        for (auto& row : roots)
-        {
-            for (auto& root : row)
-            {
-                tile::for_each_view(root, [] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
-                {
-                    view->set_allowed_actions(VIEW_ALLOW_ALL);
-                });
-            }
-        }
+        for_each_root([] (auto& root, auto, const auto&)
+        {
+            tile::for_each_view(root, [] (auto view) { view->set_allowed_actions(VIEW_ALLOW_ALL); });
+        });
     }
 
     wf::signal::connection_t<workarea_changed_signal> on_workarea_changed = [=] (auto)
@@ -129,17 +239,24 @@
 
     void resize_roots(wf::dimensions_t wsize)
     {
+        std::vector<std::tuple<wayfire_toplevel_view, wf::point_t, bool>> retained;
+        for_each_root([&] (auto& root, auto vp, const auto&)
+        {
+            tile::for_each_view(root, [&] (auto view)
+            {
+                retained.emplace_back(view, vp, tile::view_node_t::get_node(view)->show_maximized);
+                view->set_allowed_actions(VIEW_ALLOW_ALL);
+            });
+        });
         for (size_t i = 0; i < tiled_sublayer.size(); i++)
         {
             for (size_t j = 0; j < tiled_sublayer[i].size(); j++)
             {
-                if (wset.lock()->is_workspace_valid({(int)i, (int)j}))
-                {
-                    destroy_sublayer(tiled_sublayer[i][j]);
-                }
+                destroy_sublayer(tiled_sublayer[i][j]);
             }
         }
 
+        physical_roots.clear();
         roots.resize(wsize.width);
         tiled_sublayer.resize(wsize.width);
         for (int i = 0; i < wsize.width; i++)
@@ -156,30 +273,32 @@
 
         update_root_size();
         update_gaps();
+        for (auto& [view, vp, maximized] : retained)
+        {
+            if (!view->is_mapped()) continue;
+            vp.x = std::clamp(vp.x, 0, wsize.width - 1);
+            vp.y = std::clamp(vp.y, 0, wsize.height - 1);
+            attach_view(view, vp);
+            if (maximized) set_view_maximized(view, true);
+        }
     }
 
     void update_root_size()
     {
-        auto wo = wset.lock()->get_attached_output();
-        wf::geometry_t workarea = wo ? wo->workarea->get_workarea() : tile::default_output_resolution;
-
-        wf::geometry_t output_geometry =
-            wset.lock()->get_last_output_geometry().value_or(tile::default_output_resolution);
-
-        auto wsize = wset.lock()->get_workspace_grid_size();
-        for (int i = 0; i < wsize.width; i++)
-        {
-            for (int j = 0; j < wsize.height; j++)
-            {
-                /* Set size */
-                auto vp_geometry = workarea;
-                vp_geometry.x += i * output_geometry.width;
-                vp_geometry.y += j * output_geometry.height;
-
-                autocommit_transaction_t tx;
-                roots[i][j]->set_geometry(vp_geometry, tx.tx);
-            }
-        }
+        if (updating_roots) return;
+        updating_roots = true;
+        reconcile_scopes();
+        auto output_geometry = wset.lock()->get_last_output_geometry().value_or(tile::default_output_resolution);
+        autocommit_transaction_t tx;
+        for_each_root([&] (auto& root, auto vp, const auto& monitor)
+        {
+            auto area = region_workarea(monitor);
+            area.x += vp.x * output_geometry.width;
+            area.y += vp.y * output_geometry.height;
+            root->set_gaps(get_gaps(monitor));
+            root->set_geometry(area, tx.tx);
+        });
+        updating_roots = false;
     }
 
     void destroy_sublayer(wf::scene::floating_inner_ptr sublayer)
@@ -195,8 +314,10 @@
         wf::scene::remove_child(sublayer);
     }
 
-    tile::gap_size_t get_gaps() const
-    {
+    tile::gap_size_t get_gaps(const std::string& monitor = "") const
+    {
+        // Physical workareas already include the Displays monitor-zone gap.
+        if (!monitor.empty()) return {0, 0, 0, 0, inner_gaps};
         return {
             .left   = outer_horiz_gaps,
             .right  = outer_horiz_gaps,
@@ -208,14 +329,11 @@
 
     void update_gaps_with_tx(wf::txn::transaction_uptr& tx)
     {
-        for (auto& col : roots)
-        {
-            for (auto& root : col)
-            {
-                root->set_gaps(get_gaps());
-                root->set_geometry(root->geometry, tx);
-            }
-        }
+        for_each_root([&] (auto& root, auto, const auto& monitor)
+        {
+            root->set_gaps(get_gaps(monitor));
+            root->set_geometry(root->geometry, tx);
+        });
     }
 
     void refresh(wf::txn::transaction_uptr& tx)
@@ -232,13 +350,7 @@
 
     void flatten_roots()
     {
-        for (auto& col : roots)
-        {
-            for (auto& root : col)
-            {
-                tile::flatten_tree(root);
-            }
-        }
+        for_each_root([] (auto& root, auto, const auto&) { tile::flatten_tree(root); });
     }
 
     static tile_workspace_set_data_t& get(std::shared_ptr<workspace_set_t> set)
@@ -256,12 +368,13 @@
         return get(output->wset());
     }
 
-    static std::unique_ptr<tile::tree_node_t>& get_current_root(wf::output_t *output)
+    static std::unique_ptr<tile::tree_node_t>& get_current_root(wf::output_t *output,
+        wayfire_toplevel_view view = nullptr)
     {
         auto set   = output->wset();
         auto vp    = set->get_current_workspace();
         auto& data = get(output);
-        return data.roots[vp.x][vp.y];
+        return data.root_at(vp, data.region_for(view));
     }
 
     static scene::floating_inner_ptr get_current_sublayer(wf::output_t *output)
@@ -290,11 +403,11 @@
         auto view_node = setup_view_tiling(view, vp);
         {
             autocommit_transaction_t tx;
-            roots[vp.x][vp.y]->as_split_node()->add_child(std::move(view_node), tx.tx);
+            root_at(vp, region_for(view))->as_split_node()->add_child(std::move(view_node), tx.tx);
         }
 
         consider_exit_fullscreen(view);
-        unmaximize_all_views_on_workspace();
+        unmaximize_all_views_on_workspace(view);
     }
 
     /** Remove the given view from its tiling container */
@@ -336,7 +449,7 @@
         if (tile::view_node_t::get_node(view) && !view->pending_fullscreen())
         {
             auto vp = this->wset.lock()->get_current_workspace();
-            for_each_view(roots[vp.x][vp.y], [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
+            for_each_view(root_at(vp, region_for(view)), [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
             {
                 if (view->pending_fullscreen())
                 {
@@ -346,10 +459,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void unmaximize_all_views_on_workspace()
+    void unmaximize_all_views_on_workspace(wayfire_toplevel_view selected)
     {
         auto vp = this->wset.lock()->get_current_workspace();
-        for_each_view(roots[vp.x][vp.y], [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
+        for_each_view(root_at(vp, region_for(selected)), [&] (wayfire_toplevel_view view)
         {
             auto node = tile::view_node_t::get_node(view);
             if (node && node->show_maximized)
--- a/plugins/tile/tree-controller.cpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tree-controller.cpp
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@
 }
 
 /* ----------------------- resize tile controller --------------------------- */
-resize_view_controller_t::resize_view_controller_t(wf::workspace_set_t *wset, wayfire_toplevel_view)
+resize_view_controller_t::resize_view_controller_t(wf::workspace_set_t *wset, wayfire_toplevel_view view)
 {
     this->last_point   = get_global_input_coordinates(wset->get_attached_output());
-    this->grabbed_view = find_view_at(get_root(wset, wset->get_current_workspace()), last_point);
+    this->grabbed_view = view_node_t::get_node(view);
     this->output = wset->get_attached_output();
 
     if (this->grabbed_view)
--- a/plugins/tile/tree-controller.hpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tree-controller.hpp
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
     {}
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<tree_node_t>& get_root(wf::workspace_set_t *set, wf::point_t workspace);
 
 /**
  * Represents the moving view action, i.e dragging a window to change its
--- a/plugins/tile/tree.cpp
+++ b/plugins/tile/tree.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "tree.hpp"
+#include <wayfire/window-scope.hpp>
 #include "wayfire/core.hpp"
 #include "wayfire/geometry.hpp"
 #include "wayfire/toplevel-view.hpp"
@@ -408,7 +409,8 @@
     /* If view is maximized, we want to use the full available geometry */
     if (view->pending_fullscreen())
     {
-        local_geometry = adjust_geometry_for_workspace(wset, size, local_geometry);
+        auto fullscreen = view->get_output() ? wf::window_scope_fullscreen(view) : size;
+        local_geometry = adjust_geometry_for_workspace(wset, fullscreen, local_geometry);
     } else if (this->show_maximized)
     {
         auto attached_output = wset->get_attached_output();
@@ -417,11 +419,12 @@
             return local_geometry;
         }
 
-        auto base_workarea   = attached_output->workarea->get_workarea();
+        auto base_workarea   = wf::window_scope_workarea(view);
         auto source_geometry = view->get_geometry();
 
-        int oh = outer_horiz_gaps;
-        int ov = outer_vert_gaps;
+        bool physical = wf::window_scope_zone(view).has_value();
+        int oh = physical ? 0 : int(outer_horiz_gaps);
+        int ov = physical ? 0 : int(outer_vert_gaps);
 
         local_geometry    = adjust_geometry_for_workspace(wset, base_workarea, source_geometry);
         local_geometry.x += oh;
--- a/src/core/window-scope.cpp
+++ b/src/core/window-scope.cpp
@@ -170,10 +170,15 @@
 {
     if (view->parent) return;
     auto policy = window_scope_policy(view);
+    auto remembered_monitor = view->get_data_safe<scope_data_t>()->monitor;
     for (auto output : get_core().output_layout->get_outputs())
     {
         auto layout = output->get_data<output_stitch_layout_t>();
         bool match = policy == "virtual" ? bool(layout) : policy == output->handle->name;
+        // When a combined desktop is separated, the remembered physical
+        // region becomes a real output. Keep the window bound to that head.
+        if (policy == "physical" && !layout && !remembered_monitor.empty())
+            match = remembered_monitor == output->handle->name;
         if (layout) for (auto& zone : layout->zones) match |= policy == zone.name;
         if (match)
         {